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Rephrase Your Words ③: Choosing the right use of 「すみません」

Kotoba Drill Editor

Today’s Theme

「すみません」(sorry / excuse me / thank you) is very common. It has three functions: apology, thanks, and call/request. Because one word covers many functions, the meaning can be unclear without context. This article shows how to rephrase so your intention is clear, with kana and IPA.


Why 「すみません」 is easy to misunderstand

ElementContent
Many functionsOne word covers apology/thanks/request
Context heavyYou need situation and relationship to judge meaning
Many omissionsReason or request is often not said
Cultural gapExpected politeness differs by person and region

Examples: 「昨日はすみませんでした。」(I’m sorry about yesterday.) is an apology.
「手伝っていただいてすみません。」(Thank you for your help.) is thanks.
In a shop, 「すみませーん」 calls a staff member.


Directions to rephrase (with reading and IPA)

DirectionIntentionFunction changeExample (Japanese)Reading (kana)Reading (IPA)
Make it apologyYou troubled themAmbiguous → Clear apology「ご迷惑をおかけしました。」(I caused trouble.)ごめいわくを おかけしました[ɡomeːwakɯ o okakeɕimaɕita]
Polite strong apologyVery polite apologyClarify apology「申し訳ございません。」(I’m very sorry.)もうしわけ ございません[moːɕiwake ɡozaimasen]
Make it thanksAppreciate helpApology → Thanks「ありがとうございます。」(Thank you.)ありがとうございます[aɾiɡatoː ɡozaimasɯ]
Thanks (result)Say it helpedClarify thanks「助かりました。」(That helped.)たすかりました[taskaɾimaɕita]
Make it requestAsk gentlyCall → Request「恐れ入りますが、〜してください。」(Could you …?)おそれいりますが、〜してください[osore iɾimasɯ ɡa, … ɕite kɯdasai]
Request with effortAsk for their timeCall → Request「お手数をおかけしますが、〜お願いします。」(Sorry to bother you, please …)おてすうを おかけしますが、〜おねがいします[otesɯː o okakeɕimaɕɡa, … oneɡaishimasɯ]
Note

IPA is a guide. Long vowels are shown by [ː].


Usage examples (service and business)

SceneIntentionGood rephrase (Japanese)Reading (kana)Reading (IPA)Why it works
Service (late response)Apology「お待たせして申し訳ございません。」(Sorry to keep you waiting.)おまたせして もうしわけ ございません[omatase ɕite moːɕiwake ɡozaimasen]Names the issue and sounds polite
Service (ask to line up)Request「恐れ入りますが、こちらにお並びください。」(Please line up here.)おそれいりますが、こちらに おならび ください[osore iɾimasɯ ɡa, ko tɕiɾa ni onarabɯ kɯdasai]A gentle request instead of a bare call
In-house (received support)Thanks「ご対応ありがとうございます。」(Thank you for your support.)ごたいおう ありがとうございます[ɡotai.oː aɾiɡatoː ɡozaimasɯ]Switch to thanks-word
Client (delay report)Apology + info「納期が遅れ、ご迷惑をおかけしております。」(Delivery is delayed; we are sorry.)のうきが おくれ、ごめいわくを おかけしております[noːkʲi ɡa okɯɾe, ɡomeːwakɯ o okake te oɾimasɯ]Apology and status together
Meeting (interrupt)Permission「少々よろしいでしょうか。」(May I?)しょうしょう よろしい でしょうか[ɕoːɕoː joɾoɕiː deɕoːka]Clear purpose (ask to speak)

Grammar and history

「すみません」 comes from the negative form of 「済む」 (to be settled).
「〜では済まない」 leads to the meaning “I feel sorry.” Today it also covers thanks and requests.

Tips:

  • Add a reason for apology.
  • Name their action for thanks.
  • State action and condition for requests.

Common mistakes and cautions

  • Starting everything with 「すみません」 makes intention unclear.
  • For apology, add a short prevention or follow‑up when possible.
  • For thanks, do not apologize.
  • For requests, add a brief reason to increase acceptance.

Summary

  • 「すみません」 has three functions: apology, thanks, request.
  • Choose words after you decide your purpose.
  • Apology → 「申し訳ありません/ご迷惑をおかけしました」
    Thanks → 「ありがとうございます/助かりました」
    Request → 「恐れ入りますが〜/お手数ですが〜」

Next: Rephrase Your Words ④ — Are you overusing 「大丈夫です」 (It’s okay)?

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