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Rephrase Your Words ④ Are you overusing 「大丈夫です」?
14/11/2025

「すみません」(sorry / excuse me / thank you) is very common. It has three functions: apology, thanks, and call/request. Because one word covers many functions, the meaning can be unclear without context. This article shows how to rephrase so your intention is clear, with kana and IPA.
| Element | Content |
|---|---|
| Many functions | One word covers apology/thanks/request |
| Context heavy | You need situation and relationship to judge meaning |
| Many omissions | Reason or request is often not said |
| Cultural gap | Expected politeness differs by person and region |
Examples: 「昨日はすみませんでした。」(I’m sorry about yesterday.) is an apology.
「手伝っていただいてすみません。」(Thank you for your help.) is thanks.
In a shop, 「すみませーん」 calls a staff member.
| Direction | Intention | Function change | Example (Japanese) | Reading (kana) | Reading (IPA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Make it apology | You troubled them | Ambiguous → Clear apology | 「ご迷惑をおかけしました。」(I caused trouble.) | ごめいわくを おかけしました | [ɡomeːwakɯ o okakeɕimaɕita] |
| Polite strong apology | Very polite apology | Clarify apology | 「申し訳ございません。」(I’m very sorry.) | もうしわけ ございません | [moːɕiwake ɡozaimasen] |
| Make it thanks | Appreciate help | Apology → Thanks | 「ありがとうございます。」(Thank you.) | ありがとうございます | [aɾiɡatoː ɡozaimasɯ] |
| Thanks (result) | Say it helped | Clarify thanks | 「助かりました。」(That helped.) | たすかりました | [taskaɾimaɕita] |
| Make it request | Ask gently | Call → Request | 「恐れ入りますが、〜してください。」(Could you …?) | おそれいりますが、〜してください | [osore iɾimasɯ ɡa, … ɕite kɯdasai] |
| Request with effort | Ask for their time | Call → Request | 「お手数をおかけしますが、〜お願いします。」(Sorry to bother you, please …) | おてすうを おかけしますが、〜おねがいします | [otesɯː o okakeɕimaɕɡa, … oneɡaishimasɯ] |
IPA is a guide. Long vowels are shown by [ː].
| Scene | Intention | Good rephrase (Japanese) | Reading (kana) | Reading (IPA) | Why it works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service (late response) | Apology | 「お待たせして申し訳ございません。」(Sorry to keep you waiting.) | おまたせして もうしわけ ございません | [omatase ɕite moːɕiwake ɡozaimasen] | Names the issue and sounds polite |
| Service (ask to line up) | Request | 「恐れ入りますが、こちらにお並びください。」(Please line up here.) | おそれいりますが、こちらに おならび ください | [osore iɾimasɯ ɡa, ko tɕiɾa ni onarabɯ kɯdasai] | A gentle request instead of a bare call |
| In-house (received support) | Thanks | 「ご対応ありがとうございます。」(Thank you for your support.) | ごたいおう ありがとうございます | [ɡotai.oː aɾiɡatoː ɡozaimasɯ] | Switch to thanks-word |
| Client (delay report) | Apology + info | 「納期が遅れ、ご迷惑をおかけしております。」(Delivery is delayed; we are sorry.) | のうきが おくれ、ごめいわくを おかけしております | [noːkʲi ɡa okɯɾe, ɡomeːwakɯ o okake te oɾimasɯ] | Apology and status together |
| Meeting (interrupt) | Permission | 「少々よろしいでしょうか。」(May I?) | しょうしょう よろしい でしょうか | [ɕoːɕoː joɾoɕiː deɕoːka] | Clear purpose (ask to speak) |
「すみません」 comes from the negative form of 「済む」 (to be settled).
「〜では済まない」 leads to the meaning “I feel sorry.” Today it also covers thanks
and requests.
Tips:
Next: Rephrase Your Words ④ — Are you overusing 「大丈夫です」 (It’s okay)?